This is a list of molecules that have been the subject of unsuccessful astronomical
searches in the interstellar or circumstellar media as well as claimed detections that have been soundly
disconfirmed by subsequent work. A species may be detected in the future (i) in another source or
(ii) with more sensitive observations or (iii) via different lines or (iv) in a different
spectral regime. Note: Non-detections are ordered by the most recent unsuccessful search if multiple
attempts have been reported.
| Entries added in the last 1 or 2 months are highlighted in blue. (2) If a species is detected, then the entry on this page is highlighted with gray background (and maintained for historical purposes.) (3) This page does not track non-detections of detected molecules: molecules identified in one or more sources are often not found in other sources. |
YEAR | SPECIES | CITATION | SOURCE, DETECTION LIMIT, AND LINES |
1977 | FCN cyanogen fluoride |
Detection of new interstellar transitions of H, OCS, and H2CO and a search for interstellar fluorine
J. M. Hollis and B. L. Ulick. ApJ 214:699-702 (1977) |
Orion A NT < 1014 cm-2 J=2-1 (42216.64 MHz) |
---|---|---|---|
1981 | CH(CN)3 cyanoform |
Searches for interstellar imidazole and cyanoform
W. M. Irvine, J. Ellder, Å. Hjalmarson, E. Kollberg, O. E. H. Rydbeck, G. O. Sørensen, B. Bak, and H. Svanholt. A&A 97:192-194 (1981) |
TMC-1, Ori A, etc. N < 2-10 x 1013 cm-2 J = 6 → 5 (34379 MHz) |
1981 | H2SO4
sulfuric acid |
New interstellar molecular transitions in the 2 millimeter range
J. M. Hollis, L. E. Snyder, D. H. Blake, F. J. Lovas, R. D. Suenram, and B. L. Ulich. ApJ 251:541-548 (1981) |
Orion A, Sgr B2, W51, IRC +10216 1414,0-1313,0 (144278.9 MHz) 1414,1-1313,1 (144278.9 MHz) 1515,0-1414,0 (154594.7 MHz) 1515,1-1414,1 (154594.7 MHz) |
1987 | ClO
chlorine monoxide |
Searches for interstellar and circumstellar metal oxides and chlorides
T. J. Millar, J. Eldér, Å. Hjalmarson, and H Olofsson, AA 182:143-149 (1987) |
IRC +10216 [X]/[H2] < 5x10-8 R Cas [ClO]/[H2] < 2x10-6 2Π3/2, J=5/2-3/2 |
1987 | CCl
carbon monochloride |
Searches for interstellar and circumstellar metal oxides and chlorides
T. J. Millar, J. Eldér, Å. Hjalmarson, and H Olofsson, AA 182:143-149 (1987) |
Orion KL [CCl]/[H2] < 2x10-10 IRC +10216 [CCl]/[H2] < 1x10-7 2Π1/2, J=5/2-3/2 |
1987 | NaH sodium hydride |
A search for interstellar NaH and MgH in diffuse clouds
J. Czarny, P. Felenbok, and E. Roueff. A&A 188:155-158 (1987) Prior non-detections: A search for NaH in dense molecular clouds - evidence against formation on grains R. L. Plambeck and N. R. Erickson. ApJ 262:606-610 (1982) A search for interstellar NaH in diffuse clouds T. P. Snow, Jr. and W. H. Smith. ApJ 217:68-70 (1977) |
ξ Oph, ζ Per N(MgH) < 1.9 x 109 cm-2 A-X(8-0)R(0) band (3990.88 Å) Orion A [NaH]/[H2] < 10-11 (and 4 other sources) J = 1-0 (289.864 GHz) ζ Oph, σ Sco A-X(8-0)R(0) band (3990.88 Å) |
1991 | NaOH
sodium hydroxide |
Oservations and chemistry of interstellar refractory elements
B. E. Turner. ApJ 376:573-298 (1991). Detection of interstellar sodium hydroxide in self-adsoprtion toward the galactic center J. M. Hollis and P. J. Rhodes. ApJ 262:L1-L5 (1987). |
Orion KL N(NaOH) < 2.7 x 1013 cm-2 J=9-8 (226.123 GHz) Sgr B2(OH) J=4-3 (100.529 GHz) |
1994 | SiH2 silylene |
Submillimeter molecular line observations of IRC +10216: Searches for MgH, SiH2, and HCO+, and detection of hot
HCN
L. W. Avery, M. B. Bell, C. T. Cunningham, P. A. Feldman, R. H., Harward, J. M. McLeod, H. E. Matthews, and J. D. Wade. ApJ 426:737-741 (1994) |
IRC +10216 N(SiH2) ≤ 3.5 x 1015 cm-2 111-000 (353776 MHz 211-202 (305169 MHz |
1994 | MgF
magnesium momoflouride |
Exotic Fluoride Molecules in IRC +10216: Confirmation of AlF and Searches for MgF and CaF
L. M. Ziurys, A. J. Apponi, and T. G. Phillips. ApJ 433:729-732 (1994) |
IRC +10216 N(MgF) < 0.4-1.8 x 1014 cm-2 6 transitions |
1996 | CH3C2NC
methyl- isocyanoacetylene |
The search for methylisocyanoacetylene in TMC-1
F. Scappini, C. Codella, and A. Guarnieri. MNRAS 283:L7-L8 (1996) |
TMC-1 N(CH3C2NC) < 2.4x1012 cm-2 J = 7-6 and ... K = 0 (30748.545 MHz) K = 1 (30748.242 MHz) |
1998 | MgH magnesium monohydride |
A search for absorption of Mg and Ca compounds in molecular clouds towards Galactic continuum sources
S. Sakamoto, G. J. White, K. Kawaguchi, M. Ohishi, K. S. Usuda, and T. Hasegawa. MNRAS 301:872-880 (1998) Prior non-detections: Submillimeter molecular line observations of IRC +10216: Searches for MgH, SiH2, and HCO+, and detection of hot HCN L. W. Avery, M. B. Bell, C. T. Cunningham, P. A. Feldman, R. H., Harward, J. M. McLeod, H. E. Matthews, and J. D. Wade. ApJ 426:737-741 (1994) A search for interstellar NaH and MgH in diffuse clouds J. Czarny, P. Felenbok, and E. Roueff. A&A 188:155-158 (1987) |
Sgr B2(M), W49A(N) [MgH]/[H2] ≤ 1 x 10-11 6 lines IRC +10216 N(MgH) ≤ 6 x 1012 cm-2 (J,F)=(1/2,1→1/2,0) (343117.463 MHz) (J,F)=(3/2,2→1/2,1) (344305.125 MHz) ξ Oph N(MgH) < 1.9 x 109 cm-2 R1(1/2) line of the A-X(0,0) band (5183.298 Å) |
1998 | MgO magnesium oxide |
A search for absorption of Mg and Ca compounds in molecular clouds towards Galactic continuum sources
S. Sakamoto, G. J. White, K. Kawaguchi, M. Ohishi, K. S. Usuda, and T. Hasegawa. MNRAS 301:872-880 (1998) Prior non-detection: Searches for interstellar and circumstellar metal oxides and chlorides T. J. Millar, J. Eldér, Å. Hjalmarson, and H Olofsson, AA 182:143-149 (1987) Prior tentative detection: Interstellar MgO B. E. Turner and T. C. Steimle, ApJ 299:956-966 (1985) |
Sgr B2(M), W49A(N) [MgO]/[H2] ≤ 7.9 x 10-13 1-0 (34.298656 GHz) 3-2 (102.892416 GHz) |
1998 | MgOH magnesium monohydroxide |
A search for absorption of Mg and Ca compounds in molecular clouds towards Galactic continuum sources
S. Sakamoto, G. J. White, K. Kawaguchi, M. Ohishi, K. S. Usuda, and T. Hasegawa. MNRAS 301:872-880 (1998) |
Sgr B2(M), W49A(N) [MgOH]/[H2] ≤ 1.6 x 10-10 4 lines |
1998 | CaH calcium monohydride |
A search for absorption of Mg and Ca compounds in molecular clouds towards Galactic continuum sources
S. Sakamoto, G. J. White, K. Kawaguchi, M. Ohishi, K. S. Usuda, and T. Hasegawa. MNRAS 301:872-880 (1998) |
Sgr B2(M), W49A(N) [CaH]/[H2] ≤ 1.6 x 10-9 6 lines |
1998 | CaO calcium oxide |
A search for absorption of Mg and Ca compounds in molecular clouds towards Galactic continuum sources
S. Sakamoto, G. J. White, K. Kawaguchi, M. Ohishi, K. S. Usuda, and T. Hasegawa. MNRAS 301:872-880 (1998) |
Sgr B2(M), W49A(N) [CaO]/[H2] ≤ 2.0 x 10-12 3-2 (79.646084 GHz) 4-3 (106.192569 GHz) |
1998 | CaOH calcium monohydroxide |
A search for absorption of Mg and Ca compounds in molecular clouds towards Galactic continuum sources
S. Sakamoto, G. J. White, K. Kawaguchi, M. Ohishi, K. S. Usuda, and T. Hasegawa. MNRAS 301:872-880 (1998) |
Sgr B2(M), W49A(N) [CaOH]/[H2] ≤ 2.5 x 10-10 4 lines |
2001 | NH2SH thiohydroxylamine |
Searches for new interstellar molecules, including a tentative detection of aziridine and a possible detection
of propenal
J. E. Dickens, W. M. Irvine, A. Nummelin, H. Møllendal, S. Saito, S. Thorwirth, and Å Hjalmarson. Spectrochimica Acta A 57:643-660 (2001) |
Various Sources N(NH2SH) < 2-8 x 1013 cm-2 31,3-21,2 |
2004 | HC4N
(bent) |
Detection of the Linear Radical HC4N in IRC +10216
J. Cernicharo, M. Guélin, and J. R. Pardo. ApJ 625:L145-L148 (2004) |
IRC +10216 N(X) < 3 x 1012 cm-2 (lines not provided) |
2004 | HC4N
(ringed) |
Detection of the Linear Radical HC4N in IRC +10216
J. Cernicharo, M. Guélin, and J. R. Pardo. ApJ 625:L145-L148 (2004) |
IRC +10216 N(X) < 3 x 1012 cm-2 (lines not provided) |
2011
found in 2019 | HeH+ helium hydride ion
A search for HeH+ and CH in a high-redshift quasi-stellar object
| I. Zinchenko, V. Dubrovich, and C. Henkel. MNRAS 415:L76-L80 (2011) An ISO Long Wavelength Spectrometer detection of CH in NGC 7027 and an HeH+ upper limit X.-W. Liu, M. J. Barlow, A. Dalgarno, J. Tennyson, T. Lim, B. M. Swinyard, J. Cernicharo, P. Cox, J.-P. Baluteau, D. Péquignot, Nguyen-Q-Rieu, R. J. Emery, and P. E. Clegg. MNRAS 290:L71-L75
SDSS J114816.64+525150.3 | (quasar) J = 1 - 0 (2010.183873 GHz) NGC 7027 (planetary nebula) J = 1 - 0 (149.14 μm) |
2012 | CH3CH(NH2)CN 2-aminopropionitrile |
Rotational spectrum of a chiral amino acid precursor, 2-aminopropionitrile, and searches for it in
Sagittarius B2(N)
H. Møllendal, L., Margulès, A. Belloche, R. A., Motiyenko, A. Konovalov, K. M. Menten, and J. C. Guillemin. A&A 538:A51 (2012) |
Sgr B2(N) N(X) < 1.7 x 1016 cm-2 many lines |
2013 | CH2CHCH2NC
allyl isocyanide |
The cm-, mm-, and sub-mm-wave Spectrum of Allyl Isocyanide and Radioastronomical Observations in Orion KL and
the SgrB2 Line Surveys
I. Haykal, L. Margulès, T. R. Huet, R. A. Motyienko, P. Écija, E. J. Cocinero, F. Basterretxea, J. A. Fernández, F. Castaño, A. Lesarri, J. C. Guillemin, B. Tercero, and J. Cernicharo. ApJ 777:120 (2013) |
Orion KL N(CH2CHCH2NH) < 3.3 x 1014 cm-2 many lines |
2014 | NeH+ neonium |
Ubiquitous argonium (ArH+) in the diffuse interstellar medium: A molecular tracer of almost purely atomic gas
P. Schilke, D. A. Neufeld, H. S. P. Müller, C. Comito, E. A. Bergin, D. C. Lis, M. Gerin, J. H. Black, M. Wolfire, N. Indriolo, J. C. Pearson, K. M. Menten, B. Winkel, Á. Sánchez-Monge, T. Möller, B. Godard, and E. Falgarone. A&A 566:A29 (2014) |
Sgr B2(M),(N) [NeH+]/[ArH+] < 0.1 1-0 (1039.3 GHz) |
2014 | NH+ imidogen cation |
Upper limits to interstellar NH+ and para-NH2- abundances. Herschel-HIFI observations towards Sgr B2 (M)
and G10.6-0.4 (W31C)
C. M. Persson, M. Hajigholi, G. E. Hassel, A. O. H. Olofsson, J. H. Black, E. Herbst, H. S. P. Müller, J. Cernicharo, E. S. Wirström, M. Olberg, Å. Hjalmarson, D. C. Lis, H. M. Cuppen, M. Gerin, and K. M. Menten. A&A 567:A130 (2014) |
SgrB2(M), W31C [NH+]/[H2] < 2 x 10-12, 4 x 10-13 J=1.5-0.5 fs (1013, 1019 GHz) |
2014 | para-NH2– amino radial anion |
Upper limits to interstellar NH+ and para-NH2- abundances. Herschel-HIFI observations towards Sgr B2 (M)
and G10.6-0.4 (W31C)
C. M. Persson, M. Hajigholi, G. E. Hassel, A. O. H. Olofsson, J. H. Black, E. Herbst, H. S. P. Müller, J. Cernicharo, E. S. Wirström, M. Olberg, Å. Hjalmarson, D. C. Lis, H. M. Cuppen, M. Gerin, and K. M. Menten. A&A 567:A130 (2014) |
SgrB2(M), W31C N(NH2-) < 4 x 1011 cm-2 11,1 - 00,0 (943 GHz) |
2015 | H3S+ sulfonium |
Sulphur-bearing molecules in diffuse molecular clouds: new results from SOFIA/GREAT and the IRAM 30 m telescope
D. A. Neufeld, B. Godard, M. Gerin, G. Pineau des Forêts, C. Bernier, E. Falgarone, U. U. Graf, R. Güsten, E. Herbst, P. Lesaffre, P. Schilke, P. Sonnentrucker, and H. Wiesemeyer. A&A 577:A49 (2015) |
W31C, G29.96-0.02, G34.3+0.1, W49N, W41 τ(H3S+)/τ(H2S) < 10-2 10 - 00 (293.4572 GHz) |
2015 | C4H6O2 vinyl acetate |
Laboratory millimeter wave spectrum and astronomical search for vinyl acetate
L. Kolesniková, I. Peña, J. L. Alonso, J. Cernicharo, B. Tercero, and I. Kleiner. A&A 577:A91 (2015) |
Orion KL N(vinyl acetate) < 4 x 1014 cm-2 Many lines |
2016 | H2S2 dihydrogen disulfide |
The sulfur depletion problem: upper limits on the H2S2, HS2, and S2 gas-phase abundances toward the low-mass warm
core IRAS 16293-2422
R. Martín-Doménech, I. Jiménez-Serra, G. M. Muñoz Caro, H. S. P. Müller, A. Occhiogrosso, L. Testi, P. M. Woods, and S. Viti. A&A 585:A112 (2016) |
IRAS 16293-2422 [H2S2]/[H2] < 8.1 x 10-9 12 lines from 223-336 GHz |
2016
found in 2017 | HS2 monohydrogen disulfide |
The sulfur depletion problem: upper limits on the H2S2, HS2, and S2 gas-phase abundances toward the low-mass warm
core IRAS 16293-2422
R. Martín-Doménech, I. Jiménez-Serra, G. M. Muñoz Caro, H. S. P. Müller, A. Occhiogrosso, L. Testi, P. M. Woods, and S. Viti. A&A 585:A112 (2016) |
IRAS 16293-2422 [HS2]/[H2] < 1.1 x 10-8 5 lines from 252-334 GHz |
2016 | S2 disulfur |
The sulfur depletion problem: upper limits on the H2S2, HS2, and S2 gas-phase abundances toward the low-mass warm
core IRAS 16293-2422
R. Martín-Doménech, I. Jiménez-Serra, G. M. Muñoz Caro, H. S. P. Müller, A. Occhiogrosso, L. Testi, P. M. Woods, and S. Viti. A&A 585:A112 (2016) |
IRAS 16293-2422 [S2]/[H2] < 2.9 x 10-7 1110-99 (224.301 GHz) 1514-1313 (333.686 GHz) |
2016 | H2F+ fluoronium |
Detection of HF Toward PKS 1830-211, Search for Interstellar H2F+, and Laboratory Study of H2F+ and H2Cl+
Dissociative Recombination
K. Kawaguchi, S. Muller, J. H. Black, T. Amano, F. Matsushima, R. Fujimori, Y. Okabayahsi, H. Nagahiro, Y. Miyamoto, and J. Tang. ApJ 822:115 (2016) |
NGC 6334 I [H2F+]/[H2Cl+] < 1/68 PKS 1830-211 [H2F+]/[HF] < 1/386 110-101 (760.929 GHz) [redshifted to 403.5 GHz in PKS 1820-211] 212-101 (1850.082 GHz) |
2016 | CH3NCO
acetonitrile oxide |
A rigorous detection of interstellar CH3NCO: An important missing species in astrochemical networks
J. Cernicharo, Z. Kisiel, B. Tercero, L. Kolesniková, I. R. Medvedev, A. López, S. Fortman, M. Winnewisser, F. C. de Lucia, J. L. Alonso, and J.-C. Guillemin. A&A 587:L4 (2016) |
Orion N(CH3NCO) < 6 x 1013 cm-2 ??? |
2016 | HSO
hydrogen sulfoxy |
Laboratory measurements and astronomical search for the HSO radical
G. Cazzoli, V. Lattanzi, T. Kirsch, J. Gauss, B. Tercero, J. Cernicharo, and C. Puzzarini. A&A 591:A126 (2016) |
Orion KL N(HSO) < 1-4 x 1014 cm-2 Lines from 213.7-246.7 GHz Sgr B2 N(HSO) < 1013 - 1016 cm-2 Lines from 7- 50 GHz |
2016 | CH3OCN
methyl cyanate |
The millimeter wave spectrum of methyl cyanate: a laboratory study and astronomical search in space
L. Kolesniková, J. L. Alonso, C. Bermúdez, E. R. Alonso, B. Tercero, J. Cernicharo, and J.-C. Guillemin. A&A 591:A75 (2016) A rigorous detection of interstellar CH3NCO: An important missing species in astrochemical networks J. Cernicharo, Z. Kisiel, B. Tercero, L. Kolesniková, I. R. Medvedev, A. López, S. Fortman, M. Winnewisser, F. C. de Lucia, J. L. Alonso, and J.-C. Guillemin. A&A 587:L4 (2016) |
Orion KL, Sgr B2(N), B1-b, TMC-1 various upper limits 300 lines from 130 to 250 GHz Orion N(CH3OCN) < 1 x 1014 cm-2 300 lines from 130 to 250 GHz |
2016 | NCCOCN
carbonyl cyanide |
Millimeter wave spectra of carbonyl cyanide
S. B. Bteich, B. Tercero, J. Cernicharo, R. A. Motiyenko, L. Margulès, and J.-C. Guillemin. A&A 592:A43 (2016) |
Orion KL N(NCCOCN) < 5 x 1015 cm-2 Sgr B2(N) N(NCCOCN) < 200 x 1015 cm-2 B1-b, TMC-1 various upper limits 1100 lines |
2016 | CH2CHOCHO
vinyl formate |
Millimeter Wave Spectrum and Astronomical Search for Vinyl Formate
E. R. Alonso, L. Kolesniková, B. Tercero, C. Cabezas, J. L. Alonso, J. Cernicharo, and J.-C. Guillemin. ApJ 832:42 (2016) |
Orion KL, Sgr B2(N), TMC-1 ... Orion: N(VF) < 1.5 x 1016 cm-2 2600 transitions from 80-360 GHz |
2017
found in 2019 | HOCH2CN
glycolonitrile |
Submillimeter spectra of 2-hydroxyacetonitrile (glycolonitrile; HOCH2CN) and its searches in GBT PRIMOS
observations of Sgr B2(N)
L. Margulès, B. A. McGuire, M. L. Senent, R. A. Motiyenko, A. Remijan, and J. C. Guillemin. A&A 601:A50 (2017) |
Sgr B2(N) N(X) < 1013-1015 cm-2 5000 lines |
2017 | CH3F
fluoromethane |
Protostellar and cometary detections of organohalogens
E. C. Fayolle, K. I. Öberg, J. K. Jørgensen, K. Altwegg, H. Calcutt, H. S. P. Müller, M. Rubin, M. H. D. van der Wiel, P. Bjerkeli, T. L. Bourke, A. Coutens, E. F. van Dishoeck, M. N. Drozdovskaya, R. T. Garrod, N. F. W. Ligterink, M. V. Persson, S. F. Wampfler & the ROSINA team. Nature Astron 1:702-708 (2017). Detection of new interstellar transitions of H, OCS, and H2CO and a search for interstellar fluorine J. M. Hollis and B. L. Ulick. ApJ 214:699-702 (1977) |
IRAS 16293-2422 N(CH3F) < ~1013 cm-2 J'K-J"K=7K-6K, K=0-3 (357 GHz) Orion A coincides with strong H recombination line JK=10-00 (51071.69 MHz) |
2017
found in 2021 | HC11N
cyano- pentaacetylene |
Deep K-band Observations of TMC-1 with the Green Bank Telescope: Detection of HC7O, Nondetection of HC11N,
and a Search for New Organic Molecules
M. A. Cordiner, S. B. Charnley, Z. Kisiel, B. A. McGuire, and Y.-J. Kuan. ApJ 850:194 (2017) Non-detection of HC11N towards TMC-1: constraining the chemistry of large carbon-chain molecules R. A. Loomis, C. N. Shingledecker, G. Langston, B. A. McGuire, N. M. Dollhopf, A. M. Burkhardt, J. Corby, S. T. Booth, P. B. Carroll, B. Turner, and A. J. Remijan. MNRAS 463:4175 (2016) Discomfirmed detection: Detection of HC11N in the Cold Dust Cloud TMC-1 M. B. Bell, P. A. Feldman, M. J. Travers, M. C. McCarthy, C. A. Gottlieb, and P. Thaddeus, ApJ 483:L61-L64 (1997) |
TMC-1 N(HC11N) < ~1-4 x 1011 cm-2 J = 38-37 (12848.7 MHz) J = 39-38 (13186.9 MHz) J = 40-39 (13525.0 MHz) J = 41-40 (13863.1 MHz) J = 42-41 (14201.2 MHz) J = 43-42 (14539.3 MHz) J = 55-54 (18597.8 MHz) J = 60-59 (20287.3 MHz) |
2017 | HC6O
hexatriynyloxy |
Deep K-band Observations of TMC-1 with the Green Bank Telescope: Detection of HC7O, Nondetection of HC11N,
and a Search for New Organic Molecules
M. A. Cordiner, S. B. Charnley, Z. Kisiel, B. A. McGuire, and Y.-J. Kuan. ApJ 850:194 (2017) |
TMC-1 N(HC6O) < 1.5 x 1011 cm-2 12-11e (18828.319 MHz) 11-10e (18828.326 MHz) 12-11f (18829.311 MHz) 11-10f (18829.327 MHz) 13-12e (20465.490 MHz) 12-11e (20465.504 MHz) 13-12f (20466.662 MHz) 12-11f (20466.676 MHz) |
2017 | C6O
hexacarbon monoxide |
Deep K-band Observations of TMC-1 with the Green Bank Telescope: Detection of HC7O, Nondetection of HC11N,
and a Search for New Organic Molecules
M. A. Cordiner, S. B. Charnley, Z. Kisiel, B. A. McGuire, and Y.-J. Kuan. ApJ 850:194 (2017) |
TMC-1 N(C6O) < 5.2 x 1010 cm-2 1112-1011 (19071.386 MHz) |
2017 | C7O
heptacarbon monoxide |
Deep K-band Observations of TMC-1 with the Green Bank Telescope: Detection of HC7O, Nondetection of HC11N,
and a Search for New Organic Molecules
M. A. Cordiner, S. B. Charnley, Z. Kisiel, B. A. McGuire, and Y.-J. Kuan. ApJ 850:194 (2017) |
TMC-1 N(C7O) < 2.6 x 1010 cm-2 16-15 (18334.033 MHz) 17-16 (19479.903 MHz) |
2017
found in 2024 | CH2(CN)2
malononitrile |
Deep K-band Observations of TMC-1 with the Green Bank Telescope: Detection of HC7O, Nondetection of HC11N,
and a Search for New Organic Molecules
M. A. Cordiner, S. B. Charnley, Z. Kisiel, B. A. McGuire, and Y.-J. Kuan. ApJ 850:194 (2017) |
TMC-1 N(malononitrile) < 7.3 x 1010 cm-2 41,3-40,4 (19785.41 MHz) |
2017 | i-C9H7N
isoquinoline |
Deep K-band Observations of TMC-1 with the Green Bank Telescope: Detection of HC7O, Nondetection of HC11N,
and a Search for New Organic Molecules
M. A. Cordiner, S. B. Charnley, Z. Kisiel, B. A. McGuire, and Y.-J. Kuan. ApJ 850:194 (2017) Astronomical searches for nitrogen heterocycles S. B. Charnley, Y.-J. Kuan, H.-C. Huang, O. Botta, H. M. Butner, N. Cox, D. Despois, P. Ehrenfreund, Z. Kisiel, Y.-Y. Lee, A. J. Markwick, Z. Peeters, and S. D. Rodgers. Adv Space Res 36:137-145 (2005) |
TMC-1 N(isoquinoline) < 9.4 x 1011 cm-2 3 lines near 20529 MHz IRC +10216, CRL 618, CRL 2688 N(Isoquin): various, < 1013 cm-2 a- and b-type quadruplets, J ≤ 73 |
2018 | CH3ONH2
methoxyamine |
Rotational spectrum of methoxyamine up to 480 GHz: a laboratory study and astronomical search
L. Kolesniková, B. Tercero, E. R. Alonso, J.-C. Guillemin, J. Cernicharo, and J. L. Alonso. A&A 609:A24 (2018). |
Orion KL, Sgr B2, B2-b, TMC-1 N(CH3ONH2) < ~1015 cm-2 many lines |
2018 | Z-HNCHCN
cyanomethanimine |
Laboratory measurements and astronomical search for cyanomethanimine
M. Melosso, A. Melli, C. Puzzarini, C. Codella, L. Spada, L. Dore, C. Degli Esposti, B. Lefloch, R. Bachiller, C. Ceccarelli, J. Cernicharo, and V. Barone. A&A 609:A121 (2018). |
L1544, Barnard 1 [HNCHCN]/[H2] < 10-9-10-10 many lines |
2018 | C2H5NC
ethyl isocyanide |
Submillimeter wave spectroscopy of ethyl isocyanide and its searches in Orion
L. Margulès, B. Tercero, J. C. Guillemin, R. A. Motiyenko, and J. Cernicharo. A&A 610:A44 (2018) |
Orion KL N(C2H5NC)/N(C2H5CN) < 0.003-0.007 many lines |
2018 | NH2CH2CH2CN
3-aminopropionitrile |
Rotational spectrum of 3-aminopropionitrile and searches for it in Sagittarius B2(N)
C. Richard, A. Belloche, L. Margulès, R. A. Motiyenko, K. M. Menten, R. T. Garrod, and H. S. P. Müller. J Mol Spectrosc 345:51-59 (2018). |
Sgr B2(N) N(syn form) < 8.1x1015 cm-2 N(anti form) < 1.3x1016 cm-2 many lines |
2018 | HBr
hydrogen bromide |
Interstellar bromine abundance is consistent with cometary ices from Rosetta
N. F. W. Ligterink and M. Kama. A&A 619:A112 (2018) |
Orion KL, Sgr B2(N), NGC6334I [HBr]/[H2] < 10-11-10-10 6 lines of H79Br and H81Br near 500.6 GHz |
2018 | HBr+
hydrogen bromide cation |
Interstellar bromine abundance is consistent with cometary ices from Rosetta
N. F. W. Ligterink and M. Kama. A&A 619:A112 (2018) |
Orion KL, Sgr B2(N), NGC6334I [HBr+]/[H2] < ??? 1188.2, 1662.7, 2136.8 GHz ??? |
2018 | CH3CH2NCO
ethyl cyanate |
Millimeter wave spectra of ethyl isocyanate and searches for it in Orion KL and Sagittarius B2
L. Kolesniková, E. R. Alonso, B. Tercero, J. Cernicharo, and J. L. Alonso. A&A 616:A173 (2018). |
Orion KL N(CH3CH2NCO) < 5x1015 cm-2 Sgr B2 N(CH3CH2NCO) < ~1x1016 cm-2 various lines |
2018 | NH2OH hydroxylamine |
The ALMA-PILS survey: Stringent limits on small amines and nitrogen-oxides towards IRAS 16293-2422B
N. F. W. Ligterink, H. Calcutt, A. Coutens, L. E. Kristensen, T. L. Bourke, M. N. Drozdovskaya, H. S. P. Müller, S. F. Wampfler, M. H. D. van der Wiel, E. F. van Dishoeck, and J. K. Jørgensen. A&A 619:A28 (2018). CSO and CARMA Observations of L1157. I. A Deep Search for Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) B. A. McGuire, P. B. Carroll, N. M. Dollhopf, N. R. Crockett, J. F. Corby, R. A. Loomis, A. M. Burkhardt, C. Shingledecker, G. A. Blake, and A. J. Remijan. ApJ 821:76 (2015). A Search for Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) toward Select Astronomical Sources R. L. Pulliam, B. A. McGuire, and A. J. Remijan. ApJ 751:1 (2012) |
IRAS 16293-2422B N(NH2OH) < 3.7 x 1014 cm-2 3 lines L1157 N(NH2OH) < 1.5 x 1013 cm-2 12 lines IRC+10216, Orion KL, Orion S, Sgr B2(N), Sgr B2(OH), W3IRS5, and W51M N(NH2OH) < 2-8 x 1013 cm-2 14 lines |
2018 | C3H6O2
methoxyacetaldehyde |
Laboratory rotational spectrum and astronomical search for methoxyacetaldehyde
L. Kolesniková, I. Peña, E. R. Alonso, B. Tercero, J. Cernicharo, S. Mata, and J. L. Alonso. A&A 619:A67 (2018) |
Orion KL N(MA) < 5x1014 cm-2 Sgr B2(N) N(MA) < 50x1014 cm-2 B1 N(MA) < 0.2x1014 cm-2 various lines |
2018 | CH3CHCO
methyl ketene |
The millimeter-wave spectrum of methyl ketene and the astronomical search for it
C. Bermúdez, B. Tercero, R. A. Motiyenko, L. Margulès, J. Cernicharo, Y. Ellinger, and J.-C. Guillemin. A&A 619:A92 (2018) |
Orion KL N(MK) < 5-10x1014 cm-2 Sgr B2(N) N(MK) < 100x1014 cm-2 B1-b, TMC-1 N(MK) < 0.001x1014 cm-2 various lines |
2018 | C4H10O2
1,2-butanediol |
Millimeter-wave spectroscopy and modeling of 1,2-butanediol. Laboratory spectrum in the 59.6-103.6 GHz
region and comparison with the ALMA archived observations
A. Vigorito, C. Calabrese, S. Melandri, A. Caracciolo, S. Mariotti, A. Giannetti, M. Massardi, and A. Maris. A&A 619:A140 (2018) |
IRAS 16293-2422 N(C4H10O2) < ? cm-2 various lines |
2019 | CH3SD
d-methyl mercaptan |
Deuterated methyl mercaptan (CH3SD): Laboratory rotational spectroscopy and search toward
IRAS 16293-2422 B
O. Zakharenko, F. Lewen, V. V. Ilyushin, M. N. Drozdovskaya, J. K. Jørgensen, S. Schlemmer, and H. S. P. Müller. A&A 621:A114 (2019) |
IRAS 16293-2422 B N(CH3SH) < 8.8x1014 cm-2 12 "most-contraining" lines |
2019 | cis-HONO
nitrous acid |
The ALMA-PILS survey: First detection of nitrous acid (HONO) in the interstellar medium
A. Coutens, N. F. W. Ligterink, J.-C. Loison, V. Wakelam, H. Calcutt, M. N. Drozdovskaya, J. K. Jørgensen, H. S. P. Müller, E. F. van Dishoeck, and S. F. Wampfler. A&A 623:L13 (2019). |
IRAS 16293-2422 B [X]/[H2] not reported various lines (?) |
2019 | H215NCN
cyanamide |
Laboratory spectroscopic study of the 15N isotopomers of cyanamide, H2NCN, and a search
for them toward IRAS 16293-2422 B
A. Coutens, O. Zakharenko, F. Lewen, J. K. Jórgensen, S. Schlemmer, and H. S. P. M¨ller. A&A 623:A93 (2019) |
IRAS 16293-2422 B N < 3x1013 cm-2 various lines |
2019 | H2NC15N
cyanamide |
Laboratory spectroscopic study of the 15N isotopomers of cyanamide, H2NCN, and a search
for them toward IRAS 16293-2422 B
A. Coutens, O. Zakharenko, F. Lewen, J. K. Jórgensen, S. Schlemmer, and H. S. P. Müller. A&A 623:A93 (2019) |
IRAS 16293-2422 B N < 3x1013 cm-2 various lines |
2019 | C2H3SH
vinyl mercaptan |
Submillimeter spectroscopy and astronomical searches of vinyl mercaptan, C2H3SH
M.-A. Martin-Drumel, K. L. K. Lee, A. Belloche, O. Zingsheim, S. Thorwirth, H. S. P. Müller, F. Lewen, R. T. Garrod, K. M. Menten, M. C. McCarthy, and S. Schlemmer. A&A 623:A167 (2019) |
Sgr B2(N2) N(X) < ~1016 cm-2 various lines |
2019 | CaF
calcium monofluoride |
Discovery of the first Ca-bearing molecule in space: CaNC
J. Cernicharo, L. Velilla-Prieto, M. Agúndez, J. R. Pardo, J. P. Fonfría, G. Quintana-Lacaci, C. Cabezas, C. Bermúdez, and M. Guélin. A&A 627:L4 (2019) Exotic Fluoride Molecules in IRC +10216: Confirmation of AlF and Searches for MgF and CaF L. M. Ziurys, A. J. Apponi, and T. G. Phillips. ApJ 433:729-732 (1994) |
IRC +10216 N(CaF) < 1-3x1011 cm-2 various lines IRC +10216 N(CaF) < 0.8-3.6 x 1014 cm-2 N = 11→10: J=21/2→19/2 (225792 MHz) J=23/2→21/2 (225830 MHz) |
2019 | CaCl
calcium monochloride |
Discovery of the first Ca-bearing molecule in space: CaNC
J. Cernicharo, L. Velilla-Prieto, M. Agúndez, J. R. Pardo, J. P. Fonfría, G. Quintana-Lacaci, C. Cabezas, C. Bermúdez, and M. Guélin. A&A 627:L4 (2019) |
IRC +10216 N(CaF) < 1-3x1011 cm-2 various lines |
2019 | CaC
calcium monocarbide |
Discovery of the first Ca-bearing molecule in space: CaNC
J. Cernicharo, L. Velilla-Prieto, M. Agúndez, J. R. Pardo, J. P. Fonfría, G. Quintana-Lacaci, C. Cabezas, C. Bermúdez, and M. Guélin. A&A 627:L4 (2019) |
IRC +10216 N(CaF) < 1-3x1011 cm-2 various lines |
2019 | CaCCH
calcium monoacetylide |
Discovery of the first Ca-bearing molecule in space: CaNC
J. Cernicharo, L. Velilla-Prieto, M. Agúndez, J. R. Pardo, J. P. Fonfría, G. Quintana-Lacaci, C. Cabezas, C. Bermúdez, and M. Guélin. A&A 627:L4 (2019) |
IRC +10216 N(CaF) < 1-3x1011 cm-2 various lines |
2019 | CaCH3
calcium monomethylide |
Discovery of the first Ca-bearing molecule in space: CaNC
J. Cernicharo, L. Velilla-Prieto, M. Agúndez, J. R. Pardo, J. P. Fonfría, G. Quintana-Lacaci, C. Cabezas, C. Bermúdez, and M. Guélin. A&A 627:L4 (2019) |
IRC +10216 N(CaF) < 1-3x1011 cm-2 various lines |
2019 | NH2CSCH3
thioacetamide |
Laboratory Measurements and Astronomical Search for Thioacetamide
A. Maris, C. Calabrese, L. B. Favero, L. Evangelisti, I. Usabiaga, S. Mariotti, C. Codella, L. Podio, N. Balucani, C. Ceccarelli, B. LeFloch, and S. Melandri. ACS Earth Space Chem 3:1537-1549 (2019) |
L1544, L1157B1 [NH2CSCH3]/[H2] < 4x10-11,10-12 various lines |
2019 | LiC3N
lithium cyanoacetylide |
Alkaline and alkaline-earth cyanoacetylides: A combined theoretical and rotational spectroscopic investigation
C. Cabezas, C. Barrientos, A. Largo, J.-C. Guillemin, J. Cernicharo, and J. L. Alonso. J Chem Phys 151, 054312 (2019). |
IRC +10216 N(LiCCCN) < 8x1010 cm-2 mm transitions similar to NaCCCN |
2019 | NaC3N
sodium cyanoacetylide |
Alkaline and alkaline-earth cyanoacetylides: A combined theoretical and rotational spectroscopic investigation
C. Cabezas, C. Barrientos, A. Largo, J.-C. Guillemin, J. Cernicharo, and J. L. Alonso. J Chem Phys 151, 054312 (2019). |
IRC +10216 N(NaCCCN) < 8x1010 cm-2 mm transitions J=27-26 through J=44-43 |
2019 | C4H4N2
succinonitrile |
The millimeter-wave spectrum and astronomical search of succinonitrile and its vibrational excited states
C. Cabezas, C. Bermúdez, J. D. Gallego, B. Tercero, J. M. Hernández, I. Tanarro, V. J. Herrero, J. L. Doménech and J. Cernicharo. A&A 629:A35 (2019) |
Orion KL N(suc) < 0.1x1014 cm-2 Sgr B2(N) N(suc) < 100x1014 cm-2 B1-b N(suc) < 12x1014 cm-2 TMC-1 N(suc) < 0.0020x1014 cm-2 various lines of the ground state and vibrationally excited states |
2019 | CH313C(O)CH3
13C-acetone |
Laboratory rotational spectroscopy of isotopic acetone, CH313C(O)CH3 and
13CH3C(O)CH3, and astronomical search in Sagittarius B2(N2)
M. H. Ordu, O. Zingsheim, A. Belloche, F. Lewen, R. T. Garrod, K. M. Menten, S. Schlemmer, and H. S. P. Müller. A&A 629:A72 (2019) |
Sgr B2(N2) N(X) < 1.5x1016 cm-2 various lines |
2019 | CH3CH(OH)CH(O)
lactaldehyde |
The Laboratory Millimeter and Submillimeter Rotational Spectrum of Lactaldehyde and an Astronomical Search
in Sgr B2(N), Orion-KL, and NGC 6334I
E. R. Alonso, B. A. McGuire, L. Kolesniková, P. B. Carroll, I. León, C. L. Brogan, T. R. Hunter, J.-C. Guillemin, and J. L. Alonso. ApJ 883:18 (2019) |
>10 Sources (upper limits source-dependent) various lines |
2019
found in 2021 | H2CCS
thioketene |
Searches for Interstellar HCCSH and H2CCS
B. A. McGuire, C. N. Shingledecker, E. R. Willis, K. L. K. Lee, M.-A. Martin-Drumel, G. A. Blake, C. L. Brogan, A. M. Burkhardt, P. Caselli, K.-J. Chuang, S. El-Abd, T. R. Hunter, S. Ioppolo, H. Linnartz, A. J. Remijan, C. Xue, and M. C. McCarthy. ApJ 883:201 (2019) |
>10 Sources (upper limits source-dependent) various lines |
2019 | HCCSH
ethynethiol |
Searches for Interstellar HCCSH and H2CCS
B. A. McGuire, C. N. Shingledecker, E. R. Willis, K. L. K. Lee, M.-A. Martin-Drumel, G. A. Blake, C. L. Brogan, A. M. Burkhardt, P. Caselli, K.-J. Chuang, S. El-Abd, T. R. Hunter, S. Ioppolo, H. Linnartz, A. J. Remijan, C. Xue, and M. C. McCarthy. ApJ 883:201 (2019) |
>10 Sources (upper limits source-dependent) various lines |
2020
found in 2021 | C6H4
benzyne |
Benzyne in V4334 Sqr: A Quest for the Ring with SOFIA/EXES
C. E. Woodward, A. Evans, M. Richter, C. N. DeWitt, E. Montiel, D. P. K. Banerjee, G. C. Clayton, S. P. S. Eyres, R. D. Gehrz, and K. H. Hinkle. AJ 159:87 (2020. A Search for ortho-benzyne (o-C6H4) in CRL 618. S. L. Widicus Weaver, A. J. Remijan, R. J. McMahon, and B. J. McCall. ApJ 671:L153 (2007). |
V4334 Sgr 18.16 μm CRL 618 N(C6H4) < 8.4 x 1013 cm-2 various rotational lines |
2020 | NC-(CH2)3-CN
glutaronitrile |
Rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search for glutaronitrile
C. Cabezas, C. Bermúdez, Y. Endo, B. Tercero, and J. Cernicharo. A&A 636:A33 (2020) |
ORION KL, Sgr B2(N), B1-b, TLC-1 N(C5H6N2) < 1-100x1015 cm-2 111 lines |
2020 | 13CH3SH
13C-sub methanethiol
Rotational spectrum of isotopic methyl mercaptan, 13CH3SH, in the laboratory and towards Sagittarius B2(N2)
| V. V. Ilyushin, O. Zakharenko, F. Lewen, S. Schlemmer, E. A. Alekseev, M. Pogrebnyak, R. M. Lees, L.-H. Xu, A. Belloche, K. M. Menten, R. T. Garrod, and H. S. P. Müller. Can J Phys 98, 530-537 (2020).
Sgr B2(N)
| various lines - all blended with other molecules |
2020 | NCCHCO
cyanoketene |
Millimeter wave spectroscopy of cyanoketene (NC-CH=C=O) and an observational search in the ISM
L. Margulès, B. A. McGuire, R. A. Motiyenko, C. Brogan, T. Hunter, A. Remijan, and J. C. Guillemin. A&A 638, A3 (2020). |
various sources/upper limits
1549 transitions |
2020 | CH3CHS
thioacetaldehyde |
Submillimeter-wave spectroscopy of and interstellar search for thioacetaldehyde
L. Margulès, V. V. Ilyushin, B. A. McGuire, A. Belloche, R. A. Motiyenko, A. Remijan, E. A. Alekseev, O. Dorovskay, and J.-C. Guillemin. J Mol Spectrosc 371:111304 (2020) |
Sgr B2(n), prestellar/protostellar sources
various lines |
2020 | C2H5SCH3
ethyl methyl sulfide |
The millimeter-wave spectrum and astronomical search for ethyl methyl sulfide
C. Cabezas, C. Bermúdez, B. Tercero, and J. Cernicharo. A&A 639:A129 (2020) |
Sgr B2(n), Orion KL, B1-b, TMC-1 various lines |
2020
found in 2023 | CH2(OH)C(O)NH2
glycolamide |
Interstellar glycolamide: A comprehensive rotational study and an astronomical search in Sgr B2(N)
M. Sanz-Novo, A. Belloche, J. L. Alonso, L. Kolesniková, R. T. Garrod, S. Mata, H. S. P. Müller, K. M. Menten, and Y. Gong. A&A 639:A135 (2020) |
Sgr B2(N2) various lines |
2020 | E-HNCHCCH
E-propargylimine |
Propargylimine in the laboratory and in space: millimetre-wave spectroscopy and its first detection in the ISM
L. Bizzocchi, D. Prudenzano, V. M. Rivilla, A. Pietropolli-Charmet, B. M. Giuliano, P. Caselli, J. Martín-Pintado, I. Jiménez-Serra, S. Martín, M. A. Requena-Torres, F. Rico-Villas, S. Zeng and J.-C. Guillemin. A&A 640:A98 (2020). |
G+0.693-0.027 [E-HNCHCCH]/[H2] < 1.8x10-10 various lines |
2020 | HC6NC
isocyano triacetylene |
Detection of Interstellar HC4NC and an Investigation of Isocyanopolyyne Chemistry under TMC-1
Conditions
C. Xue, E. R. Willis, R. A. Loomis, K. L. K. Lee, A. M. Burkhardt, C. N. Shingledecker, S. B. Charnley, M. A. Cordiner, S. Kalenskii, M. C. McCarthy, E. Herbst, A. J. Remijan, and B. A. McGuire. ApJL 900:L9 (2020). Discovery of HC4NC in TMC-1: A study of the isomers of HC3N, HC5N, and HC7N J. Cernicharo, N. Marcelino, M. Agúndez, C. Bermúdez, C. Cabezas, B. Tercero, and J. R. Pardo. A&A 642:L8 (2020). |
TMC-1 N < 9.0x1010 cm-2 IRC +10216 N < 2.0x1011 cm-2 various transitions |
2020 | SiH
silylidyne |
A Search for Light Hydrides in the Envelopes of Evolved Stars
M. A. Siebert, I. Simon, C. N. Shingledecker, P. B. Carroll, A. M. Burkhardt, S. T. Booth, A. J. Remijan, B. A. McGuire, R. Aladro, and C. A. Duran. ApJ 901:22 (2020). |
IRC+10216 [SiH]/[H2] < 3x10-7 VY CMa [SiH]/[H2] < 3x10-5 J=3/2-1/2 J=5/2-3/2 |
2020 | PH
phosphineidene |
A Search for Light Hydrides in the Envelopes of Evolved Stars
M. A. Siebert, I. Simon, C. N. Shingledecker, P. B. Carroll, A. M. Burkhardt, S. T. Booth, A. J. Remijan, B. A. McGuire, R. Aladro, and C. A. Duran. ApJ 901:22 (2020). |
IRC+10216 [PH]/[H2] < 4x10-8 N=3=2, J=4-3 |
2020 | FeH
iron monohydride |
A Search for Light Hydrides in the Envelopes of Evolved Stars
M. A. Siebert, I. Simon, C. N. Shingledecker, P. B. Carroll, A. M. Burkhardt, S. T. Booth, A. J. Remijan, B. A. McGuire, R. Aladro, and C. A. Duran. ApJ 901:22 (2020). |
IRC+10216 [FeH]/[H2] < 2x10-7 VY CMa [FeH]/[H2] < 3x10-8 Ω=5/2, J=5/2-7/2 |
2020 | C3H4N2O
2-amino-oxazole |
Toward the RNA-World in the Interstellar Medium-Detection of Urea and Search of 2-Amino-oxazole and Simple
Sugars
I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, V. M. Rivilla, L. Rodríguez-Almeida, E. R. Alonso Alonso, S. Zeng, E. J. Cocinero, S. Martín, M. Requena-Torres, R. Martín-Domenech, and L. Testi. Astrobio 20:1048-1066 (2020). |
G+0.693-0.027 various lines |
2020 | HOCH2CHO
glyceraldehyde |
Toward the RNA-World in the Interstellar Medium-Detection of Urea and Search of 2-Amino-oxazole and Simple
Sugars
I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, V. M. Rivilla, L. Rodríguez-Almeida, E. R. Alonso Alonso, S. Zeng, E. J. Cocinero, S. Martín, M. Requena-Torres, R. Martín-Domenech, and L. Testi. Astrobio 20:1048-1066 (2020). |
G+0.693-0.027 various lines |
2020 | NH2CHS
thioformamide |
Millimeter- and submillimeter-wave spectroscopy of thioformamide and interstellar search toward Sgr B2(N)
R. A. Motiyenko, A. Belloche, R. T. Garrod, L. Margulès, H. S. P. Müller, K. M. Menten, and J.-C. Guillemin. A&A 642:A29 (2020) |
Sgr B2(N) N(X) < 4.2 x 10-15 cm-2 various transitions |
2020 | HCCCHS
propynethial |
Submillimeter-wave spectroscopy and the radio-astronomical investigation of propynethial (HC≡CCHS)
L. Margulès, B. A. McGuire, C. J. Evans, R. A. Motiyenko, A. Remijan, J. C. Guillemin, A. Wong, and D. McNaughton. A&A 642:A206 (2020) |
11 sources various lines |
2021 | (CH3)2CHNCS
isopropyl isothiocyanate |
High-Resolution Rotational Spectroscopy and Interstellar Search for Isopropyl Isothiocyanate
Y. Xu, J. Zhang, W. Li, J. Li, and G. Feng. ACS Earth Space Chem 5:33-39 (2021). |
Sgr B2(N) [(CH3)2CHNCS]/[H2] < 8x10-12 various lines |
2021 | c-C3H5CHO
cyclopropane- carboxaldehyde |
Comprehensive rotational study and astronomical search for cyclopropanecarboxaldehyde
C. Cabezas, E. M. Neeman, B. Tercero, C. Bermúdez, and J. Cernicharo. A&A 645, A175 (2021). |
Orion KL (HC, MM4) N(CH3CHO)/N(CPCA) > 2 Sgr B2 N(CH3CHO)/N(CPCA) > 4 various lines |
2021 | HCCC(O)NH2
propiolamide |
Rotational spectroscopic study and astronomical search for propiolamide in Sgr B2(N)
E. R. Alonso, L. Kolesniková, A. Belloche, S. Mata, R. T. Garrod, A. Jabri, I. León, J.-C. Guillemin, H. S. P. Müller, K. M. Menten, and J. L. Alonso. A&A 647:A55 (2021) |
Sgr B2(N)
various lines |
2021 | CH3CH2COOH
propanoic acid |
Submillimeter wave spectroscopy of propanoic acid (CH3CH2COOH) and its ISM search
V. V. Ilyushin, L. Margulès, B. Tercero, R. A. Motiyenko, O. Dorovskaya, E. A. Alekseev, E. R. Alonso, L. Kolesniková, J. Cernicharo, and J. C. Guillemin. J Mol Spectrosc 379:111454 (2021). |
Orion KL hot core N < 2x1015 cm-2 Sgr B2 N < 10-20x1015 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | CH3C8H
methyltetra- acetylene |
CH3-Terminated Carbon Chains in the GOTHAM Survey of TMC-1: Evidence of Interstellar
CH3C7
M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, The GOTHAM Collaboration, R. A. Loomis, M. C. McCarthy, and B. A. McGuire. ApJ 924:21 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(MTA) < ~1011 cm-2 multiple lines |
2022 | NH2CH2C(O)NH2
glycinamide |
Millimetre-wave laboratory study of glycinamide and a search for it with ALMA towards Sagittarius B2(N)
Z. Kisiel, L. Kolesniková, A. Belloche, J.-C. Guillemin, L. Pszczółkowski, E. R. Alonso, R. T. Garrod, E. Białkowska-Jaworska, I. León, H. S. P. Müller, K. M. Menten, and J. L. Alonso. A&A 657:A99 (2022). |
Sgr B2(N) N(glycinaimde) < 1.5x1016 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | HCCCHCN
1-cyano propargyl radical |
Laboratory observation and astronomical search of 1-cyano propargyl radical, HCCCHCN
C. Cabezas, M. Nakajima, C. H. Chang, M. Agúndez, Y. Endo, and J. Cernicharo. A&A 657:A24 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(HCCCHCN) < 6.0x1011 cm-2 22 transitions |
2022 | CH3CSNH2
thioacetamide |
Expanding the submillimeter wave spectroscopy and astronomical search for thioacetamide
(CH3CSNH2) in the ISM
A. Remijan, C. Xue, L. Margulès, A. Belloche, R. A. Motiyenko, J. Carder, C. Codella, N. Balucani, C. L. Brogan, C. Ceccarelli, T. R. Hunter, A. Maris, S. Melandri, M. Siebert, and B. A. McGuire. A&A 658:A85 (2022). |
Sgr B2(N),NGC 6334l, L1544, L1157-B1 various lines & detection limits |
2022 | syn-CH2CHC(O)NH2
acrylamide |
Laboratory rotational spectroscopy of acrylamide and a search for acrylamide and propionamide toward
Sgr B2(N) with ALMA
L. Kolesniková, A. Belloche, J. Koucký, E. R. Alonso, R. T. Garrod, K. Luková, K. M. Menten, H. S. P. Müller, P. Kania, and Š. Urban. A&A 659:A111 (2022). |
Sgr B2(N)> N(acrylamide) < 1.6x1016 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | C2H3CHO
vinyl formate |
The ALMA-PILS survey: First tentative detection of 3-hydroxypropenal (HOCHCHCHO) in the interstellar medium
and chemical modeling of the C3H4O2 isomers
A. Coutens, J.-C. Loison, A. Boulanger, E. Caux, H. S. P. Müller, V. Wakelam, S. Manigand, and J. K. Jørgensen. A&A 660:L6 (2022). |
IRAS 16293-2422B N(X) < 4x1015 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | C2H3COOH
propenoic acid |
The ALMA-PILS survey: First tentative detection of 3-hydroxypropenal (HOCHCHCHO) in the interstellar medium
and chemical modeling of the C3H4O2 isomers
A. Coutens, J.-C. Loison, A. Boulanger, E. Caux, H. S. P. Müller, V. Wakelam, S. Manigand, and J. K. Jørgensen. A&A 660:L6 (2022). |
IRAS 16293-2422B N(X) < 1-4x1015 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c-C2H3N
2H-azirine |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 2x1013 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c-C2H5N
aziridine |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 1x1012 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c-C2H4S
thiirane |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 2x1012 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c-C4H5N
1H-pyrrole |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). Search for interstellar pyrrole and furan M. L. Kutner, D. E. Machnik, J. D. Tucker, and R. L. Dickman. ApJ 242:541-544 (1980) A search for interstellar pyrrole: Evidence that rings are less abundant than chains P. C. Myers, P. Thaddeus, and R. A. Linke. ApJ 241:155-157 (1980) |
TMC-1 N(X) < 1x1012 cm-2 various lines TMC-1 N(X) < 1012 cm-2 6 lines Sgr B2 N(X) < 1-10 x 1013 cm-2 3 lines |
2022 | c-C4H4S
thiophene |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 1x1013 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c-C4H4O
furan |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). Searches for new interstellar molecules, including a tentative detection of aziridine and a possible detection of propenal J. E. Dickens, W. M. Irvine, A. Nummelin, H. Møllendal, S. Saito, S. Thorwirth, and Å Hjalmarson. Spectrochimica Acta A 57:643-660 (2001) Search for interstellar pyrrole and furan M. L. Kutner, D. E. Machnik, J. D. Tucker, and R. L. Dickman. ApJ 242:541-544 (1980) Search for interstellar furan and imidazole R. L. Dezafra, P. Thaddeus, M. Kutner, N. Scoville, P. M. Solomon, H. Weaver, and D. R. W. Williams. Astrophys Lett 10:1-3 (1972) |
TMC-1 N(X) < 9x1012 cm-2 various lines Various Sources N(X) < 1014 cm-2 6 lines |
2022 | c-C3H4N2
1H-imidazole |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). Searches for interstellar imidazole and cyanoform W. M. Irvine, J. Ellder, Å. Hjalmarson, E. Kollberg, O. E. H. Rydbeck, G. O. Sørensen, B. Bak, and H. Svanholt. A&A 97:192-194 (1981) Search for interstellar furan and imidazole R. L. Dezafra, P. Thaddeus, M. Kutner, N. Scoville, P. M. Solomon, H. Weaver, and D. R. W. Williams. Astrophys Lett 10:1-3 (1972) |
TMC-1 N(X) < 1x1012 cm-2 various lines TMC-1, Ori A, etc. N < 0.6-100 x 1013 cm-2 303 → 202 (33412.2 MHz) Sgr A, Sgr B2 110-111 (4602.30 MHz) |
2022 | c-C3H3NS
thiazole |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 7x1012 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c-C5H5N
pyridine |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). Astronomical searches for nitrogen heterocycles S. B. Charnley, Y.-J. Kuan, H.-C. Huang, O. Botta, H. M. Butner, N. Cox, D. Despois, P. Ehrenfreund, Z. Kisiel, Y.-Y. Lee, A. J. Markwick, Z. Peeters, and S. D. Rodgers. Adv Space Res 36:137-145 (2005) Search for Interstellar Acrylonitrile, Pyrimidine, and Pyridine M. N. Simon and M. Simon. ApJ 184:757-761 (1973) A search for interstellar molecular lines in the frequency range 8.6 to 9.2 GHz R. A. Batchelor, J. W. Brooks, P. D. Godfrey, and R. D. Brown. Aus J Phys 26:557-560 (1973) |
TMC-1 N(X) < 2x1012 cm-2 various lines IRC +10216, CRL 618 N(X): various, < 1012 cm-2 8 doubtlets, a-type, J < 25 Orion, Sgr B2 707-608 (44.390 GHz) Orion A, Sgr B2, Sgr(NH3)A 101-000 F(1-1) (8.76284 GHz) 101-000 F(2-1) (8.76429 GHz) 101-000 F(0-1) (8.76648 GHz) |
2022 | c-C4H4N2
pyridazine (1,2-diazine) |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 2x1012 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c-C4H4N2
pyrimidine (1,3-diazine) |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). Deep K-band Observations of TMC-1 with the Green Bank Telescope: Detection of HC7O, Nondetection of HC11N, and a Search for New Organic Molecules M. A. Cordiner, S. B. Charnley, Z. Kisiel, B. A. McGuire, and Y.-J. Kuan. ApJ 850:194 (2017) Astronomical searches for nitrogen heterocycles S. B. Charnley, Y.-J. Kuan, H.-C. Huang, O. Botta, H. M. Butner, N. Cox, D. Despois, P. Ehrenfreund, Z. Kisiel, Y.-Y. Lee, A. J. Markwick, Z. Peeters, and S. D. Rodgers. Adv Space Res 36:137-145 (2005) A search for interstellar pyrimidine Y.-J. Kuan, C.-H. Yan, S. B. Charnley, Z. Kisiel, P. Ehrenfreund, and H.-C. Huang. MNRAS 345:650-565 (2003) Search for interstellar acrylonitrile, pyrimidine, and pyridine M. N. Simon and M. Simon. ApJ 184:757-761 (1973) |
TMC-1 N(X) < 4x1012 cm-2 various lines TMC-1 N(X) < 4.2 x 1010 cm-2 41,3-40,4 (19785.41 MHz) CRL 618, IRC +10216 2 lines Sgr B2(N), Orion KL, W51 e1/e2 N(X) < 1-3 x 1014 cm-2 many possible lines Orion, Sgr B2 707-618 (46.266 GHz) |
2022 | c2-C8H7N
1H-indole |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 4x1011 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c2-C8H6S
benzo[b]thiophene |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 1x1013 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c2-C8H6O
benzofuran |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 1x1012 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c2-C9H7N
quinoline |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). Deep K-band Observations of TMC-1 with the Green Bank Telescope: Detection of HC7O, Nondetection of HC11N, and a Search for New Organic Molecules M. A. Cordiner, S. B. Charnley, Z. Kisiel, B. A. McGuire, and Y.-J. Kuan. ApJ 850:194 (2017) Astronomical searches for nitrogen heterocycles S. B. Charnley, Y.-J. Kuan, H.-C. Huang, O. Botta, H. M. Butner, N. Cox, D. Despois, P. Ehrenfreund, Z. Kisiel, Y.-Y. Lee, A. J. Markwick, Z. Peeters, and S. D. Rodgers. Adv Space Res 36:137-145 (2005) |
TMC-1 N(X) < 2x1012 cm-2 various lines TMC-1 N(X) < 6.2 x 1011 cm-2 3 lines near 18993 MHz IRC +10216, CRL 618, CRL 2688 N(X): < ~1013 cm-2 various b-type doublets |
2022 | c2-C8H6N2
quinoxaline (1,4-benzodiazine) |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 1x1013 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c2-C8H6N2
quinozoline (1,3-benzodiazine) |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 4x1010 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | c2-C8H6N2
phthalazine (2,3-benzodiazine) |
A Search for Heterocycles in GOTHAM Observations of TMC-1
T. J. Barnum, M. A. Siebert, K. L. K. Lee, R. A. Loomis, P. B. Changala, S. B. Charnley, M. L. Sita, C. Xue, A. J. Remijan, A. M. Burkhardt, B. A. McGuire, and I. R. Cooke. J Phys Chem A 126:2716-2728 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 9x1010 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | NH2CH2CH2SH
cysteamine (5 conformers) |
Micro- and millimeter-wave spectra of five conformers of cysteamine and their interstellar search
W. Song, A. Maris, V. M. Rivilla, F. Fortuna, L. Evangelisti, D. Lv, L. Rodríguez-Almeida, I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, and S. Melandri. A&A 661:A129 (2022). |
G+0.693-0.027 [X]/[H2] < (0.2-1.3)x10-10 various lines |
2022 | CH3OCH2COCH3
methoxyacetone |
Laboratory Measurements and Astronomical Search for Methoxyacetone and Methyl Methoxyacetate
J. Lei, M. Li, C. Duan, J. Li, D. Quan, J. Wang, J. Li, J. Chen, X. Xu, F. Zhu, L. Yu, and Q. Gou. J Phys Chem A 126:3549-3554 (2022). |
Sgr B2(N) N(X) < 4.2x1013 cm-2 at 12 K 404-303 (14807.33 MHz 725-716 (15576.19 MHz) |
2022 | CH3OCH2COOCH3
methyl methoxyacetate |
Laboratory Measurements and Astronomical Search for Methoxyacetone and Methyl Methoxyacetate
J. Lei, M. Li, C. Duan, J. Li, D. Quan, J. Wang, J. Li, J. Chen, X. Xu, F. Zhu, L. Yu, and Q. Gou. J Phys Chem A 126:3549-3554 (2022). |
Sgr B2(N) N(X) < 2.9x1013 cm-2 at 12 K 605-505 (16540.25 MHz) 624-523 (16709.30 MHz) |
2022 | E-CH3CHCHCCH
E-3-penten-1-yne |
Discovery of five cyano derivatives of propene with the QUIJOTE line survey
J. Cernicharo, R. Fuentetaja, C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, N. Marcelino, B. Tercero, J. R. Pardo, and P. de Vicente. A&A 663:L5 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 5x1011 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | Z-CH3CHCHCCH
Z-3-penten-1-yne |
Discovery of five cyano derivatives of propene with the QUIJOTE line survey
J. Cernicharo, R. Fuentetaja, C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, N. Marcelino, B. Tercero, J. R. Pardo, and P. de Vicente. A&A 663:L5 (2022). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 9x1011 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | 1-CH3CH2CHNH
1-propanimine |
Submillimeter wave spectroscopy and astronomical search for 1-propanimine
L. Margulès, A. Remijan, A. Belloche, R. A. Motiyenko, B. A. McGuire, C. Xue, H. S. P. Müller, R. T. Garrod, K. M. Menten, and J.-C. Guillemin. A&A 663:A132 (2022). |
Sgr B2(N), etc. N(X) < ~1017 cm-2 various lines |
2022 | HCOCH2CN
cyanoacetaldehyde |
Molecular Precursors of the RNA-World in Space: New Nitriles in the G+0.693-0.027 Molecular Cloud
V. M. Rivilla, I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, L. Colzi, B. Tercero, P. de Vicente, S. Zeng, S. Martín, J. García de la Concepción, L. Bizzocchi, M. Melosso, F. Rico-Villas, and M. A. Requena-Torres. Front Astron Space Sci 9:876870 (2022). |
G+0.693-0.027 [X]/[H2] < 2.7x10-10 various lines |
2022 | HCOC(OH)CH2
2-hydroxyprop-2-enal |
Millimetre-wave spectroscopy of 2-hydroxyprop-2-enal and an astronomical search with ALMA
J. Koucký, L. Kolesniková, K. Luková, K. Vávra, P. Kania, A. Coutens, J.-C. Loison, J. K. Jørgensen, A. Belloche, and Š. Urban. A&A 666:A158 (2022). |
IRAS 16293-2422 N(X) < 9.4x1014 cm-2 Sgr B2(N1) N(X) < 7.2x1016 cm-2 multiple transitions |
2022 | C2H3NCO
vinyl isocyanate |
Millimeter wave spectrum and search for vinyl isocyanate toward Sgr B2(N) with ALMA
K. Vávra, L. Kolesniková, A. Belloche, R. T. Garrod, J. Koucký, T. Uhlíková, K. Luková, J.-C. Guillemin, P. Kania, H. S. P. Müller, K. M. Menten, and Š. Urban. A&A 666:A50 (2022). |
Sgr B2(N) N(cis) < 5.0x1017 cm-2 N(trans) < 2.4x1016 cm-2 various transitions |
2022 | n-C3H7HCO
n-butanal |
Toward the limits of complexity of interstellar chemistry: Rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search
for n- and i-butanal
M. Sanz-Novo, A. Belloche, V. M. Rivilla, R. T. Garrod, J. L. Alonso, P. Redondo, C. Barrientos, L. Kolesniková, J. C. Valle, L. Rodríguez-Almeida, I. Jimenez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, H. S. P. Müller, and K. M. Menten. A&A 666:A114 (2022). |
Sgr B2(N),G+0.693-0.027
several conformers, many transitions |
2022 | i-C3H7HCO
i-butanal |
Toward the limits of complexity of interstellar chemistry: Rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search
for n- and i-butanal
M. Sanz-Novo, A. Belloche, V. M. Rivilla, R. T. Garrod, J. L. Alonso, P. Redondo, C. Barrientos, L. Kolesniková, J. C. Valle, L. Rodríguez-Almeida, I. Jimenez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, H. S. P. Müller, and K. M. Menten. A&A 666:A114 (2022). |
Sgr B2(N),G+0.693-0.027
two conformers, many transitions |
2022 | C4
tetracarbon |
Presumed Detection of C5 Molecule in the Interstellar Medium
J. Krełowski, R. Hakalla, and W. Szajna. ApJ 939:113 (2022). |
HD 166734, HD 80077
electronic transition at 3789 Å |
2023 | C12H8
1-ethynylnaphthalene |
Laboratory rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search of ethynyl substituted naphthalene
C. Cabezas, I. Peña, and J. Cernicharo. MNRAS 519:2590 (2023). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 1.0x1013 cm-2 various transitions |
2023 | C12H8
2-ethynylnaphthalene |
Laboratory rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search of ethynyl substituted naphthalene
C. Cabezas, I. Peña, and J. Cernicharo. MNRAS 519:2590 (2023). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 6.8x1012 cm-2 various transitions |
2023 | (CH3)2C=NH
2-propanimine |
Millimeter-wave spectrum of 2-propanimine
L. Zou, J.-C. Guillemin, A. Belloche, J. K. Jørgensen, L. Margulès, R. A Motiyenko, and P. Groner. MNRAS 520:4089-4102 (2023). |
Sgr B2(N1S) [X]/[CH2NH] < 1/18 IRAS 16293-2422 [X]/[CH2NH] < 50-83% various transitions |
2023 | H2NCHCHCN
aminoacrylonitrile |
A High-resolution Spectroscopic Analysis of Aminoacrylonitrile and an Interstellar Search toward G+0.693
D. Alberton, V. Lattanzi, C. Endres, V. M. Rivilla, J. C. Guillemin, P. Caselli, I. Jiménez-Serra, and J. Martín-Pintado. ApJ 951:108 (2023). |
G+0.693-0.027 [X]/[H2] < 4.9x10-11 70,7-60,6 (43896.76 MHz) 60,6-50,5 (38099.96 MHz) 71,7-61,6 (42941.29 MHz) |
2023 | C4H8O2
acetoin |
Laboratory Rotational Spectrum and Radio-Astronomical Search of Acetoin
C. Duan, Y. Zheng, W. Cheng, J. Lei, J. Li, D. Quan, J. Wang, J. Chen, J. Li, X. Xu, and Q. Gou. J Phys Chem A 127:5772-5778 (2023). |
Sgr B2(N) N(X) < 1011 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | CH3NHCH3
dimethylamine |
Rotation-tunnelling spectrum and astrochemical modelling of dimethylamine, CH3NHCH3,
and searches for it in space
H. S. P. Müller, R. T. Garrod, A. Belloche, V. M. Rivilla, K. M. Menten, I. Jiménez-Serra, J Martín-Pintado, F. Lewen, and S. Schlemmer. MNRAS 523:2887-2917 (2023). |
Sgr B2(N1S) N(X) < N[CH3NH2] / 14 Sgr B2(N2b) N(X) < N[CH3NH2] / 4.5 G+0693-0.027 N(X) < N[CH3NH2] / 39 various transitions with hyperfine structure |
2023 | CH3OC(O)NH2
syn-methyl carbamate |
First Glycine Isomer Detected in the Interstellar Medium: Glycolamide (NH2C(O)CH2OH)
V. M. Rivilla, M. Sanz-Novo, I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, L. Colzi, S. Zeng, A. Megías, Á. López-Gallifa, A. Martínez-Henares, S. Massalkhi, B. Tercero, P. de Vicente, S. Martín, D. San Andrés, M. A. Requena-Torres, and J. L. Alonso. ApJL 953:L20 (2023) |
G+0.693-0.027 [X]/[H2] < 2.5x10-10 5 lines (w/hyperfine struct) near 36.72 GHz |
2023 | NH2C(O)CH2OH
anti-glycolamide |
First Glycine Isomer Detected in the Interstellar Medium: Glycolamide (NH2C(O)CH2OH)
V. M. Rivilla, M. Sanz-Novo, I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, L. Colzi, S. Zeng, A. Megías, Á. López-Gallifa, A. Martínez-Henares, S. Massalkhi, B. Tercero, P. de Vicente, S. Martín, D. San Andrés, M. A. Requena-Torres, and J. L. Alonso. ApJL 953:L20 (2023) |
G+0.693-0.027 [X]/[H2] < 0.13x10-10 2 lines (w/hyperfine struct) near 32.92 GHz |
2023 | CH3CONHOH
acetohydroxamic acid |
Laboratory detection and astronomical study of interstellar acetohydroxamic acid, a glycine isomer
M. Sanz-Novo, J. L. Alonso, V. M. Rivilla, B. A. McGuire, I. León, S. Mata, I. Jimenez-Serra, and J. Martín-Pintado. A&A 666:A134 (2022) First Glycine Isomer Detected in the Interstellar Medium: Glycolamide (NH2C(O)CH2OH) V. M. Rivilla, M. Sanz-Novo, I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, L. Colzi, S. Zeng, A. Megías, Á. López-Gallifa, A. Martínez-Henares, S. Massalkhi, B. Tercero, P. de Vicente, S. Martín, D. San Andrés, M. A. Requena-Torres, and J. L. Alonso. ApJL 953:L20 (2023) |
TMC-1 [X]/[H2] < 1x10-9 G+0.6933-0.037 [X]/[H2] < 2x10-10 various transitions G+0.6933-0.037 [X]/[H2] < 1.7x10-10 one transition near 20.83 GHz |
2023 | C5H6
E-3-penten-1-yne |
Rotational spectra and astronomical search of five ethynyl derivatives of propene
C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, Y.-T. Liu, Y. Endo, and J. Cernicharo. MNRAS 524:491-497 (2023). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 2.6x1011 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | C5H6
Z-3-penten-1-yne |
Rotational spectra and astronomical search of five ethynyl derivatives of propene
C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, Y.-T. Liu, Y. Endo, and J. Cernicharo. MNRAS 524:491-497 (2023). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 6.4x1011 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | C5H6
Isopropenylacetylene |
Rotational spectra and astronomical search of five ethynyl derivatives of propene
C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, Y.-T. Liu, Y. Endo, and J. Cernicharo. MNRAS 524:491-497 (2023). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 2.2x1012 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | C5H6
gauche-1-penten-4-yne |
Rotational spectra and astronomical search of five ethynyl derivatives of propene
C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, Y.-T. Liu, Y. Endo, and J. Cernicharo. MNRAS 524:491-497 (2023). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 1.2x1012 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | C5H6
cis-1-penten-4-yne |
Rotational spectra and astronomical search of five ethynyl derivatives of propene
C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, Y.-T. Liu, Y. Endo, and J. Cernicharo. MNRAS 524:491-497 (2023). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 2.0x1012 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | DOCH2CN
2-hydroxyacetonitrile |
Rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search for the 2-hydroxyacetonitrile isotopologues
HO13CH2CN, HOCH213CN, and DOCH2CN
L. Margulès, A. Coutens, N. F. W. Ligterink, A. Ahmadi, R. A. Motiyenko, E. A. Alekseev, C. Vastel, E. Caux, and J.-C. Guillemin. MNRAS 524:1211-1218 (2023). |
SMMM1-a N(X) < 1x1014 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | HOCH213CN
2-hydroxyacetonitrile |
Rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search for the 2-hydroxyacetonitrile isotopologues
HO13CH2CN, HOCH213CN, and DOCH2CN
L. Margulès, A. Coutens, N. F. W. Ligterink, A. Ahmadi, R. A. Motiyenko, E. A. Alekseev, C. Vastel, E. Caux, and J.-C. Guillemin. MNRAS 524:1211-1218 (2023). |
SMMM1-a N(X) < 2x10X cm-2 various lines |
2023 | HO13CH2CN
2-hydroxyacetonitrile |
Rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search for the 2-hydroxyacetonitrile isotopologues
HO13CH2CN, HOCH213CN, and DOCH2CN
L. Margulès, A. Coutens, N. F. W. Ligterink, A. Ahmadi, R. A. Motiyenko, E. A. Alekseev, C. Vastel, E. Caux, and J.-C. Guillemin. MNRAS 524:1211-1218 (2023). |
SMMM1-a N(X) < 2x1014 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | C6H4(CCH)2
1,2-diethynylbenzene |
Detection of ethynylbenzene in TMC-1 and the interstellar search for 1,2-diethynylbenzene
D. Loru, C. Cabezas, J. Cernicharo, M. Schnell, and A. L. Steber. A&A 677:A166 (2023). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 2x1012 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | CD3OD
D4-methanol |
Investigation of the rotational spectrum of CD3OD and an astronomical search toward
IRAS 16293-2422
V. V. Ilyushin, H. S. P. Müller, J. K. Jørgensen, S. Bauerecker, C. Maul, R. Porohovoi, E. A. Alekseev, O. Dorovskaya, F. Lewen, S. Schlemmer, and R. M. Lees. A&A 677:A49 (2023). |
IRAS 16293-2422 16 transitions, partial matches |
2023 | c2-C7H8
norbornadiene |
Searches for bridged bicyclic molecules in space-norbornadiene and its cyano derivatives
M.-A. Martin-Drumel, J.-T. Spaniol, H. Hölzel, M. Agúndez, J. Cernicharo, K. Moth-Poulsen, and U. Jacovella. Faraday Discuss 245;284-297 (2013). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 1.6x1014 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | c2-C7H7CN
cyano-norbornadiene |
Searches for bridged bicyclic molecules in space-norbornadiene and its cyano derivatives
M.-A. Martin-Drumel, J.-T. Spaniol, H. Hölzel, M. Agúndez, J. Cernicharo, K. Moth-Poulsen, and U. Jacovella. Faraday Discuss 245;284-297 (2013). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 4.9x1010 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | c2-C7H6(CN)2
dicyano-norbornadiene |
Searches for bridged bicyclic molecules in space-norbornadiene and its cyano derivatives
M.-A. Martin-Drumel, J.-T. Spaniol, H. Hölzel, M. Agúndez, J. Cernicharo, K. Moth-Poulsen, and U. Jacovella. Faraday Discuss 245;284-297 (2013). |
TMC-1 N(X) < 2.9x1010 cm-2 various lines |
2023 | NH2CH2COOH glycine |
A rigorous attempt to verify interstellar glycine
L. E. Snyder, F. J. Lovas, J. M. Hollis, D. N. Friedel, P. R. Jewell, A. Remijan, V. V. Ilyushin, E. A. Alekseev, and S. F. Dyubko. ApJ 619:914-930 (2005) A search for biomolecules in Sagittarius B2 (LMH) with the Australia Telescope Compact Array P. A. Jones, M. R. Cunningham, P. D. Godfrey, and D. M. Cragg, MNRAS 374:579-589 (2007) A search for propylene oxide and glycine in Sagittarius B2 (LMH) and Orion M. R. Cunningham and 19 co-workers. MNRAS 376:1201-1210 (2007) The Spatial Distribution of Complex Organic Molecules in the L1544 Pre-stellar Core I. Jiménez-Serra, A. I. Vasyunin, P. Caselli, N. Marcelino, N. Billot, S. Viti, L. Testi, C. Vastel, B. Lefloch, and R. Bachiller. ApJ 830:L6 (2016). Toward the RNA-World in the Interstellar Medium-Detection of Urea and Search of 2-Amino-oxazole and Simple Sugars I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, V. M. Rivilla, L. Rodríguez-Almeida, E. R. Alonso Alonso, S. Zeng, E. J. Cocinero, S. Martín, M. Requena-Torres, R. Martín-Domenech, and L. Testi. Astrobio 20:1048-1066 (2020). First Glycine Isomer Detected in the Interstellar Medium: Glycolamide (NH2C(O)CH2OH) V. M. Rivilla, M. Sanz-Novo, I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, L. Colzi, S. Zeng, A. Megías, Á. López-Gallifa, A. Martínez-Henares, S. Massalkhi, B. Tercero, P. de Vicente, S. Martín, D. San Andrés, M. A. Requena-Torres, and J. L. Alonso. ApJL 953:L20 (2023) Deep search for glycine conformers in Barnard 5 T. Carl, E. S. Wirström, P. Bergman, S. B. Charnley, Y.-L. Chuang, and Y.-J. Kuan. MNRAS 524:5993-6003 (2023) Discomfirmed detection: Interstellar glycine Y.-J. Kuan, S. B. Charnley, H.-C. Huang, W.-L. Tseng, and Z. Kisiel. ApJ 593:848-867 (2003) | Sgr B2(N-LMH), Orion KL, W51 e1/e2 27 mm-wave lines L1544 [X]/[H2] < 2x10-11 IRAS 16293-2422B [X]/[H2] < 2.1x10-10 G+0.6933-0.037 [X]/[H2] < 1.7x10-10 various transitions Barnard 5 [X]/[H2] < (2-5)x10-10, (0.7-3)x10-11 various lines |
2024 | C11H12N2O2
tryptophan |
Interstellar tryptophan revisited
R. L Hudson. MNRAS 526:4051-4053 (2023). On the Origin of Infrared Bands Attributed to Tryptophan in Spitzer Observations of IC 348 A. Dhariwal, T. H. Speak, L. Zeng, A. Rashidi, B. Moore, O. Berné, A. J. Remijan, I. Schroetter, B. A. McGuire, V. M. Rivilla, A. Belloche, J. K. Jørgensen, P. Djuricanin, T. Momose, and I. R. Cooke. ApJL 968:L9 (2024). Discomfirmed detection: A search for tryptophan in the gas of the IC 348 star cluster of the Perseus molecular cloud S. Iglesias-Groth. MNRAS 523:2876-2886 (2023). |
IC 348 various IR transitions |
2024 | H2CNCCH
N-ethynylmethanimine |
Laboratory detection and astronomical search of N-ethynylmethanimine, H2CNCCH
C. Cabezas, Y. Endo, V. M. Rivilla, M. Agúndez, I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, and J. Cernicharo. MNRAS 531:3151-3158 (2024). |
G+0.693-0.027 [X]/[H2] < 1.3x10-13 L483 N(X) < 7.9x1011 cm-2 TMC1 N(X) < 2.8x1011 cm-2 various lines, including hyperfine components |
2024 | H2NCO
carbamoyl readical |
Unveiling the gas phase H2NCO radical: Laboratory rotational spectroscopy and interstellar searches
in the direction of IRAS 16293-2422
M.-A. Martin-Drumel, A. Coutens, J.-C. Loison, J. K. Jørgensen, and O. Pirali. A&A 687:A233 (2024). |
IRAS 16293-2422 [X]/[H2] < 10-9 various lines |
2024 | NCCS |
More sulphur in TMC-1: Discovery of the NC3S and HC3S radicals with the QUIJOTE line
survey
J. Cernicharo, C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, R. Fuentetaja, B. Tercero, N. Marcelino, and P. de Vicente. A&A 688:L13 (2024). |
TMC-1 N(X) < ~1011 cm-2 various lines |
2024 | HC5S |
More sulphur in TMC-1: Discovery of the NC3S and HC3S radicals with the QUIJOTE line
survey
J. Cernicharo, C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, R. Fuentetaja, B. Tercero, N. Marcelino, and P. de Vicente. A&A 688:L13 (2024). |
TMC-1 N(X) < ~1011 cm-2 various lines |
2024 | NC4S |
More sulphur in TMC-1: Discovery of the NC3S and HC3S radicals with the QUIJOTE line
survey
J. Cernicharo, C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, R. Fuentetaja, B. Tercero, N. Marcelino, and P. de Vicente. A&A 688:L13 (2024). |
TMC-1 N(X) < ~1011 cm-2 various lines |
2024 | NC5S |
More sulphur in TMC-1: Discovery of the NC3S and HC3S radicals with the QUIJOTE line
survey
J. Cernicharo, C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, R. Fuentetaja, B. Tercero, N. Marcelino, and P. de Vicente. A&A 688:L13 (2024). |
TMC-1 N(X) < ~1011 cm-2 various lines |
2024 | NC6S |
More sulphur in TMC-1: Discovery of the NC3S and HC3S radicals with the QUIJOTE line
survey
J. Cernicharo, C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, R. Fuentetaja, B. Tercero, N. Marcelino, and P. de Vicente. A&A 688:L13 (2024). |
TMC-1 N(X) < ~1011 cm-2 various lines |
2024 | NC7S |
More sulphur in TMC-1: Discovery of the NC3S and HC3S radicals with the QUIJOTE line
survey
J. Cernicharo, C. Cabezas, M. Agúndez, R. Fuentetaja, B. Tercero, N. Marcelino, and P. de Vicente. A&A 688:L13 (2024). |
TMC-1 N(X) < ~1011 cm-2 various lines |
2024 | HCCSCN
ethynyl thiocyanate |
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Interstellar Candidate Ethynyl Thiocyanate: HCCSCN
E. R. Alonso, A. Insausti, L. Kolesniková, I. León, B. A. McGuire, C. N. Shingledecker, M. Agúndez, J. Cernicharo, V. M. Rivilla, C. Cabezas, I. Jiménez-Serra, J. Martín-Pintado, and J.-C. Guillemin. ApJ 976:95 (2024). |
Sgr B2(N) N(X) < 5 x 1015 cm-2 NGC 6334I N(X) < 5 x 1015 cm-2 G+0.693-0.027 N(X) < 1.1 x 1012 cm-2 TMC-1 N(X) < 5 x 1010 cm-2 various transitions |
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